Acheter Un Iphone À Hong Kong
Hong Kong has a long history of protestors fighting for autonomy and self-determination, but, nether both the Great britain and China, Hong Kong and its people have struggled to become a republic. Currently, Hong Kong is designated every bit a "special administrative region" of China. In theory, this ways a large degree of autonomy from mainland Mainland china under the "1 Country, 2 Systems" policy. However, the key phrase hither is in theory.
On June 30, 2020, a new security law has overcast that autonomy: No only is information technology no longer articulate if Hong Kong can determine its ain policies carve up from Beijing, but the new constabulary gives Red china the power to extradite any Hong Kong citizen with little to no crusade. To sympathize its current crisis with China, it's essential to reflect on Hong Kong's complex history — and the manner that history continues to reverberate in 2021.
British Colonial Rule Overtakes Hong Kong
Afterward the first Opium War, Prc ceded the island of Hong Kong to Smashing United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland. In 1860 and 1898 respectively, additional territories — known today as the Kowloon Peninsula and the New Territories — were ceded to the British. From then on, the British colonized Hong Kong, enacting racist and white supremacist policies appropriately, including banning the use of the Chinese language in government and creating segregated European-simply neighborhoods that were subject to different laws.
Declassified documents show that force per unit area from Chinese leaders made it articulate that the People'south Commonwealth of China would invade Hong Kong if it attained self-rule. For case, in 1958, Premier Zhou Enlai called whatsoever endeavor to bring democracy to the island "a very unfriendly act." That is, despite enjoying the benefits of having a wealthy and economically strong neighbor like Hong Kong, People's republic of china viewed the prospect of democracy in Hong Kong as a footstep toward independence rather than reunification with Mainland china.
Yet, folks living in Hong Kong pushed for reform and freedom from decades of colonial rule. In the 1960s and '70s, protests over labor conditions eventually led to a higher standard of living and pressured the colonizers to revoke racist laws. Encouraged by these successes, Hong Kongers exercised their freedom of speech, protested and held communist rallies in the open.
While some Hong Kongers were optimistic almost reunification with China, others, specially students, worried that Communist china would try to take away Hong Kong's freedoms instead of preserving the "Ane Country, Two Systems" policy. These fears increased later on the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre — a violent crackdown against pro-democracy protests in China that caused hundreds or thousands of deaths.
Nonetheless, after more than than a decade of negotiations and preparation, Hong Kong was returned to Cathay on July 1st, 1997. Under the bargain, Hong Kong was guaranteed autonomy until 2047. During that time, the Basic Constabulary, a miniature constitution agreed upon by People's republic of china and the U.k., was to be the law of the state in Hong Kong.
In 2003, an attempt was made to laissez passer a law that would brand secession, sedition, subversion or treason confronting the Chinese government illegal. This triggered the showtime major protests against the Chinese regime, with 500,000 people turning out on July one to express their outrage. Ultimately, the legislation was shelved — at least for a time.
Communist china'southward Attempts to Change Education in Hong Kong
In the years that followed the 2003 protests, the Chinese Communist Political party (CCP) promised democratic reforms in the future. And, although a few alterations were made to Hong Kong's legislature, little actually inverse — at least, not the direction many Hong Kongers hoped.
In 2012, attempts were made to change the curriculum of Hong Kong's schools to focus more than on Chinese history and identity. This was seen by many Hong Kongers as an effort to feed younger generations propaganda well-nigh mainland china. Massive protests broke out, with secondary schoolhouse students (roughly equivalent to American middle and loftier schoolers) leading the protest through a grouping called Scholarism. Hong Kong's chief executive at the time announced that implementing the curriculum would be optional, rendering China's educational plan powerless.
The Umbrella Revolution Grips the World
Even though it was ultimately unsuccessful, the Umbrella Revolution is perhaps the virtually iconic of Hong Kong's protests. Information technology was sparked past fears that the Chinese government did not intend to keep a promise to create universal suffrage for the city's executive officer by 2017. Protestors demanded the resignation of the current pro-Beijing executive officer and balloter reform, but they had difficulty like-minded on the specifics of the latter demand.
The protests were some of the well-nigh violent and cluttered since the 1960s, with the protestors' use of umbrellas to deflect tear gas canisters giving the movement its name. Additionally, the protestors gained international attending for sharing free nutrient with each other and setting upward recycling stations to keep streets clean. Eventually, the protests were done in past an inability to unify around a single prepare of demands and the return of many student protestors to school. Nonetheless, the protests permanently strained relations between the people of Hong Kong and mainland China.
Prc Introduces the Hong Kong Security Law
Afterwards the Umbrella Revolution, protests became much more common, with more being held in response to a crackdown on unlicensed food vendors also as the offset-ever rally for Hong Kong independence in 2016. In 2019, a new national security police force was introduced, one that, if passed, would extradite Hong Kong citizens suspected of criminal activity on the mainland to Prc without a trial.
Protests broke out quickly, swelling to massive numbers when Chief Executive Carrie Lam amended the constabulary to also let extradition to Prc for criminal charges. In fact, the protests marked the "biggest political crisis in decades" and, co-ordinate to Reuters, "pose the most serious popular claiming to Prc'south President Xi Jinping since he came to ability." Although Carrie Lam announced on June 15, 2019 that the constabulary would be delayed indefinitely, protestors argued that the law could still be implemented at whatsoever time and refused to disperse.
China Makes Protestation Nearly Incommunicable for the People of Hong Kong
From there, the protests became a broader pro-democracy motility. Police force violence confronting protestors escalated — and law enforcement was suspected of colluding with triad street gangs to attack and intimidate protestors. Eventually, Beijing intervened direct by passing a new security pecker. Protestors, the United Kingdom and a myriad of other countries contest the legality of this move, but there'southward little anyone tin exercise to oppose the Chinese legislation, which allows for the extradition of Hong Kong citizens to Red china and lifetime prison sentences for those folks charged with secession, subversion, terrorism and collusion.
Additionally, the law also grants People's republic of china and the Beijing-backed chief executive a range of new powers, including wire tapping, closed-door trials, the ability to appoint new judges in national security trials and more than. Many kinds of protest now count equally secession, subversion, terrorism or collusion, including destruction of belongings. The law went into consequence just earlier July ane, the anniversary of Hong Kong'south handover to Communist china. Since then, law take shutdown any attempted protests — even though protests and rallies are traditionally held on July 1 — and, in add-on to making mass arrests, have used tear gas and rubber bullets against Hong Kong citizens.
In response, Hong Kongers have begun deleting social media posts and destroying pro-democracy signs out of fear of extradition. In effort to help Hong Kongers, the United Kingdom promised a path to citizenship for 3 meg Hong Kongers — and Taiwan, Australia and the United States take also fabricated moves to help people from the city who may shortly demand to seek political asylum. Whether this astringent turn of events marks the end of the fight for self determination in Hong Kong or non, it'south articulate that the new law has irrevocably upended life for the people of Hong Kong.
Source: https://www.reference.com/history/hong-kong-relationship-china-c6dcc7ea8a2fabdc?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740005%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex&ueid=6adc1f02-5dcb-4782-8156-0eada96acfc5
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